Dark Matter

Image: Created by DALL-E

Ordinary matter accounts for only about 15% of the total matter in the Universe. The remaining 85% is composed of something that does not interact with light but exerts gravity. We call it dark matter; we know it exists, but we don’t know what it is. However, we do know what it isn’t. Thanks to various astrophysical probes (such as the Cosmic Microwave Background, Galaxy Clusters, and Galaxies of all sizes and shapes), we know it cannot be any of the particles in the Standard Model, the building blocks of the Universe we perceive daily, and of which stars, planets, and ourselves are made. We also know that it pervades the whole Universe and constitutes most of the mass of all individual galaxies, usually extending beyond their visible size.

The current challenge for the field is to understand what exactly dark matter is. Since it cannot be one of the known particles, there must be physics beyond the Standard Model. This doesn’t mean the Standard Model is wrong, just incomplete. Theorists have devised several ways to extend the Standard Model self-consistently, preserving the parts that work and making predictions that include a stable particle (or more than one) interacting with ordinary matter through gravity. We are currently testing these theories with various probes: from colliders like the LHC, where we try to produce dark matter by smashing ordinary particles at high energies, to underground experiments where we expect dark matter particles to leave signals when colliding with the material in the experiment. We’re also examining exotic signals in astrophysical environments that can’t be explained by known astrophysics and could indicate physics beyond the Standard Model.

I have worked in several areas of the Dark Matter searches field: from how some dark matter candidates may have affected the birth, life and death of stars, including the first ones in the Universe, to understanding which is the imprint that annihilation of dark matter would leave in the CMB, to the latest studies on the actual presence and distribution of dark matter in our own Galaxy, the Milky Way. We are also using the latest generation of high energy observatories like the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) to get indications of possible Dark Matter related physics in astrophysical systems.

You can find the actual papers pointed out in my Publication list, and of course contact me directly for more details if you want.